What Lay Behind the Horrors of the Slave Trade free essay sample

What Lay Behind The Horrors Of The Slave Trade? In this paper I would analyze what lay behind the detestations of the slave exchange. This article will incorporate the nations that were associated with the slave exchange, how they profited by it and the force they had over the oppressed Africans. The slave exchange worked in a triangle, between four mainlands: Europe, Africa, South America and North America.Slave ships leave ports like London, Bristol and Liverpool for West Africa conveying made products like weapons, liquor, iron bars, which are exchanged for African men, ladies and youngsters who had been caught by slave dealers or purchased from African hives on the West African coast. From Africa a boat loaded with slaves leaves to America and the West Indies, where they are offered to the most elevated bidder and that is the place families are isolated. When they have been purchased, after that they had a place with the manor proprietor. We will compose a custom article test on What Lay Behind the Horrors of the Slave Trade? or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Some would not be oppressed and took their live, others flee and pregnant lady wanted to have a premature birth than to bring up their kids into subjugation. With the cash produced using the offer of subjugated Africans, merchandise, for example, sugar, espresso and tobacco were purchased and reclaimed to Britain available to be purchased. The boats were stacked with produce from the estates for the journey back home. For more than 300 years, European nations constrained Africans onto slave sends and moved them over the Atlantic Ocean however how did the individuals back in Britain engage in the slave trade?As the slave exchange developed, various of individuals started to get included or basically profited by it. Banks and fund houses in Britain started to develop from the expenses and the premium they earned from vendors who acquired cash for their journeys. Bristol and Liverpool became significant ports for slave ships, dealing with cargoes they brought back and somewhere in the range of 1700 and 1800, Liverpool populace drastically rose from 5,000 to 78,000. Others worked in processing plants that had been set up with the cash from the slave trade.The slave exchange likewise gave different employments back in Britain, many worked in production lines which offered their merchandise to West Africa, and these merchandise will at that point be exchanged for slaves. Birmingham additionally included itself by having 4,000 weapon producers with 1 00,000 firearms a year People in Britain werent the one in particular who profited by the slave exchange, West African pioneers engaged with the exchange likewise profited by catching and exchanging Africans to the Europeans since they are the person who got all the made products that were exchanged for slaves. The African boss were likewise unending themselves with all the cash that they got from ex changing Africans.My see is that due to the advantages they had, it implies that they were additionally included and think without them the exchange wouldnt of happened on the grounds that they are the person who caught slave for the Europeans, consequently they cleared a way for the slave exchange to occur. Unpleasant, the West Indies and the Americans were clearly included on the grounds that they are the ones who purchased and claimed the slaves for their estates. Estate proprietors who utilized slave work to develop their harvests and the way that they didnt need to pay the slave made them immense profits.Often grower resigned to Britain with the benefits they made and had fabulous nation houses previously worked for them. Some grower utilized their cash carefully, to become MSP and others put their benefits in new manufacturing plants and innovations wish assisted with financing the Industrial Revolution. Might want to presume that for me the greatest abhorrences that lay behind the slave exchange is the way other African exchanged their own sort for fabricated merchandise, how barbarously the Africans were treated on the slave boats and ranches and the force that the Europeans , the Americans, and some different Africans had over the slaves. So feel that the slave exchange Was superfluous, yet each one of those four mainlands that were included profited by it somehow as they all assumed significant jobs in light of the fact that without one , let say the West Indies and Americans, who might of purchased every one of those slave? Or then again which manors would the slaves have dealt with? What's more, the slave exchange wouldnt have been so fruitful or profiting without one side of the triangle. Or on the other hand without the slave we wouldnt have what we have today yet at the same time think the manner in which they rewarded individuals of color was faulty and shouldnt needed to occur all together for the nations to have riches.

Love in the English Medieval Period Essay Example for Free

Love in the English Medieval Period Essay Presentation The sentiment of Courtly Love working on during the Middle Ages was joined with the Code of Chivalry. There were exacting guidelines of dignified love and the individuals from the courts rehearsed the craft of elegant love across Europe during the Middle Ages. The sentiment, rules and craft of cultured love permitted knights and women to show their profound respect paying little mind to their conjugal state. It was a typical event for a wedded woman to give a token to a knight of her decision to be worn during a medieval competition. There were rules, which administered dignified love, yet at times the gatherings, who began their relationship with such components of cultured love, would turn out to be profoundly included. Instances of connections, which were mixed by sentimental dignified love, valor and sentiment, are depicted in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Chaucer’s Wife of Bath. Numerous illegal court sentiments were fuelled by the training and craft of cultured love. The most ripe field of the sentiment class was the Arthurian sentiment. Firmly identified with the sentiment convention were two admired guidelines of conduct: valor and elegant love. Numerous cutting edge individuals consider gallantry alluding to a keeps an eye on courageous treatment ofâ women, and in spite of the fact that that sense is gotten from the medieval chivalric perfect, valor incorporates more than that. Numerous advanced individuals consider gallantry alluding to a keeps an eye on courageous treatment of ladies, and in spite of the fact that that sense is gotten from the medieval chivalric perfect, valor incorporates more than that. Extensively, gallantry, got from the old French expression for a fighter mounted riding a horse, was a knights implicit rules. There was no single lot of chivalric guidelines, however the presence of mainstream medieval chivalric handbooks affirms that gallantry was a notable idea. Knights shaped an unmistakable fragment of medieval society, which was regularly thought of as being made out of three classes: the individuals who ask (the pastorate), the individuals who battle (the respectability), and the individuals who work (the laborers). Most knights had a place with the honorability, if simply because a knights hardware ponies, weapons, protective layer, required significant assets to finance. Viciousness, frequently grisly and terrible savagery, was at the core of what knights did. As exceptionally gifted and all around furnished battling men, knights could be a power either for making social tumult or for keeping up open request. Unit 1-Background explore on elegant love and gallantry 1.1 Courtly love created in the twelfth century among the troubadours of southern France, however before long spread into the neighboring nations and in the long run hued the writing of the vast majority of Western Europe for a considerable length of time. It started in the compositions of the writer Ovid Ars Amatoria (‘The Art of Love’). Andrã © the Chaplain (or Andreas Cappellanus), took as his model, Ovid’s ‘Ars Amatoria ‘ (the Art of Loving). Ovid’s work concerns how to entice a lady, and among its principles are suitable types of dress, approach, discussion, and playing with a lady’s expressions of love, all intended to divert. In the Ars Amatoria, the man is in charge, and the lady is just his prey. Be that as it may, Andrã © flipped around the Ars Amatoria. In his â€Å"Liber de arte honeste amandi et reprobatione inhonesti amoris† (â€Å"Book of the Art of Loving Nobly and the Reprobation of Dishonorable Love†), the lady turns into the escort of the game. It is she who sets the standards and condemns the cheerful admirer. In Ovid’s work the sweetheart murmurs with energy for his interest, yet in le Chapelain’s Liber the enthusiasm is unadulterated and totally for the love of a woman. The guidelines laid out in Andr㠩’s work are from multiple points of view farâ from the truth of the occasions. In the medieval world, ladies once in a while had any capacity to talk about. The honorability were warriors, and expressions of the human experience of war, authority and legislative issues consumed their psyches. As a general rule, an aristocrats thought of his better half, (or future spouse) as a reproducer, a hireling, and a wellspring of sexual delight (his, not hers). Devotion on her part was completely important to guarantee the legitimacy of the bloodline. Constancy on his part wasn’t an issue. Under some other conditions, le Chapelain’s Liber may have stayed an intriguing scholarly exercise (as Ovid’s Ars Amatoria was expected to be); or it may have been disregarded or chuckled out of genuine abstract circles. In any case, with the verifiable foundation at absolutely the correct phase of advancement, in the court of Eleanor and under the direction of Marie, Andr㠩’s ‘Art of Loving Nobly’ was writing to be lived. Two ladies who impacted the advancement of sentiment were Eleanor of Aquitaine, sovereign first of France and afterward of England, and her little girl Marie, Countess of Champagne (in Eastern France). Eleanor brought to the English court her enthusiasm for verse, music and human expressions, which were all developed at the court of Aquitaine where she grew up (her granddad William was the principal known troubadour artist). In the vernacular accounts that were composed for and devoted to Eleanor-early ‘romances’-we discover an accentuation on the kind of affection relationship that is delineated in troubadour verse, normally known as ‘courtly love’ (fin’amors in Provenã §al, the language of troubadour verse). The ‘courtly love’ relationship is displayed on the primitive connection between a knight and his master ruler. The knight serves his cultured woman (love administration) with a similar submission and faithfulness, which he owes to his master ruler. She is in finished control of the affection relationship, while he owes her compliance and accommodation (a scholarly show that didn't compare to genuine practice!) The knight’s love for the woman moves him to carry out incredible things, so as to be deserving of her adoration or to win her kindness. In this manner ‘courtly love’ was initially translated as a praising power whether it was culminated, and even whether the woman thought about the knights love or cherished him consequently. The ‘courtly love’ relationship regularly was not among a couple, not on the grounds that the writers and the crowd were characteristically indecent, however becauseâ it was an admired kind of relationship that couldn't exist inside the setting of ‘real life’ medieval relationships. In the medieval times, relationships among the respectability were ordinarily founded on functional and dynastic concerns instead of on adoration. The possibility that a marriage could be founded on affection was an extreme idea. In any case, the crowd for sentiment was superbly mindful that these sentiments were fictions, not models for real conduct. The double-crossing angle that pesters numerous twentieth century perusers was to some degree irrelevant, which was to investigate the potential impact of affection on human conduct. Social history specialists, for example, Eric Kã ¶hler and Georges Duby have conjectured that cultured love may have filled a valuable social need: giving a model of conduct to a class of unmarried youngsters that may some way or another have undermined social soundness. Knights were ordinarily more youthful siblings without place where there is their own (subsequently incapable to help a spouse) who became individuals from the family of the medieval masters whom they served. One motivation behind why the woman in the elegant love relationship is ordinarily more seasoned, wedded and of higher economic wellbeing than the knight might be on the grounds that she was displayed on the spouse of the primitive ruler, who may normally turn into the focal point of the youthful, unmarried knights want. Kã ¶hler and Duby place that the scholarly model of the cultured love relationship may have been developed to some extent to give these youngsters a model for fitting conduct, instructing them to sublimate their wants and to channel their vitality into socially helpful conduct (love administration as opposed to meandering around the open country, taking or assaulting ladies like the knight in the ‘ Wife of Bath’s story). Ovid depicted the side effects of affection as though it were an ailment. The lovesick knight turned into an ordinary figure in medieval sentiment. Run of the mill side effects: moaning, turning pale, turning red, fever, failure to rest, eat or drink. Sentiments frequently contained long inside monologs in which the darlings depict their emotions. For the troubadours of twelfth C France who brought it into writing, Courtly love had two fundamental, basic qualities: Love is overwhelming and it is a praising power. Nobody is excluded from the administration of the God of affection who manages this world and extramarital sexual love, evil to Christians, is the sole wellspring of common worth and greatness. The various qualities of affection that show up in the Canterbury Tales, for instance, are just trappingsâ decorations. These have a place with the general assemblage of adoration writing. However these trappings, so crazy when misrepresented, have made elegant love be mistaken for s entimental love and have brought it into notoriety. Since affection is powerful, nothing done under its impulse can be unethical; since people are useless except if they acts under this impulse, the need of rehearsing love in occupant on every individual. Cultured love not just supports and energizes whatever fans and incites arousing want, it approves sex, infidelity, and blasphemy, yet it speaks to them as important wellsprings of what it calls goodness. Love is an association of heart and brain just as body. Arousing quality for the good of its own, the happiness regarding carnal enjoyments of and for themselves, is in opposition to elegant love. The wanton and the indiscriminate practice such love. Thus, in the cultured love code devotion is its most noteworthy ideals and betrayal its most noteworthy bad habit. However the Roman Church officially denounced the two standards of elegant love. Ecclesiastical overseer Stephen Tempier at Paris censured the power of adoration and love as the sole wellspring of human worth on

Word of the Week! Grotesque Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Grotesque Richmond Writing Our word this week began life in an Italian cave, or grotto. As early as the 16th Century, painters captured the primitive feelings of that setting with work called grotesque. So how did the word change over time, to become something revolting and unnatural? Slowly. By the dawn of the 20th Century, when H.G. Wells wrote The Island of Doctor Moreau, the artistic sense of the word and its more modern sense were both in play. A definition given by the OED Online, Characterized by distortion or unnatural combinations; fantastically extravagant; bizarre, came to be common. Think of any gargoyle you see on a cathedral. They are nearly all grotesques. Thanks to Victor, in my course Reading Science Fiction and Fantasy, for asking about this term used by Wells, as when his narrator remarks, The apparition of this grotesque, half-bestial creature had suddenly populated the stillness of the afternoon for me. Using the Project Gutenberg copy of the text, now in the public domain, I stopped counting at 20 uses of the word. Clearly, Wells was after the human-animal hybrids grotesque appearance and behavior. And Dr. Moreau, who makes these Beast-Men, certainly had art in mind as much as science, since in the novel he calls the narrator a materialist when the narrator questions the practical application of the doctors mad experiments. Please nominate a word (or metaphor!) useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week  here. Image Courtesy of Wikipedia.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1566 Words

Martin Andres (A major theme in The Great Gatsby is the pursuit of what you make of the American dream.) This represents the idea of the American Dream, where qualities of hard work and ambition are shown. The novel The Fitzgerald embodies many themes; however the most significant one relates to the corruption of the American dream. The American Dream is defined as someone starting low on the economic or social level, and working hard towards prosperity and or wealth and fame. By having money, a car, a big house, nice clothes and a happy family symbolizes the American dream. This dream also represents that people, no matter who he or she is, can become successful in life by his or her own work. The desire to strive for what one wants can be accomplished if they work hard enough. The dream is represented by the ideas of a self-sufficient man or woman, who works hard to achieve a goal to become successful. The Great Gatsby is a novel that shows what happened to the American Dream in the 1920’s, which is a time period when the dreams became corrupted for many reasons. The American d ream not only causes corruption but has caused destruction. Myrtle, Gatsby and Daisy have all been corrupted and destroyed by the dream. The desire for a luxurious life is what lures Myrtle into having an affair with Tom. This decision harms her marriage with George, which leads to her death and loss of true happiness. Myrtle has the hope and desire for a perfect, wealthy and famous type life. SheShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. 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It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. 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Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Essay on Ecl in China - 917 Words

ECL in China Case Study Problem Identification and Situational Analysis ECL is a multi-national corporation that continues to expand its core business as well as create opportunities for foreign divisions to influence the direction of the company in addition to bringing cohesion and unity throughout the workforce. ECL developed a division in China that allowed the company to integrate into the Chinese market but also presented it with issues it would need to manage successfully in order to progress in this venture. There are various cultural issues facing ECL in China. The first is the qualities not often seen in American industries and those are the obedience and humility among the Chinese workers. In the Chinese culture this is†¦show more content†¦Chinese workers believe that close personal relationships are imperative to effective communication. American companies don’t share the same views and some organizations have even related this to workplace fraternization, which can result in d isciplinary action. Since we don’t believe that these relationships are necessary, or even appropriate, we don’t form them and this could affect a bi-national workplace and possibly even carry over to business dealings outside of the company. The Chinese believe that, when conducting business with other people, a relationship must first be formed to gain the trust of business partners. American companies rely heavily on systems and processes, which is viewed as highly efficient by the American standard while the Chinese workers with ECL aren’t accustomed to this and believe that it’s not always necessary to establish a system to follow in order to complete a task. The difference in views on this could also present some serious problems for ECL, as the Chinese workers may view the American management style as inefficient or sluggish. 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Paper: Submitted paper is to be composed of the following sections: Cover Page Table of Contents Executive Summary (≠¤1Read MoreEcl Case Study1781 Words   |  8 PagesECL Case Study Written by: Renee Essig Due Date: 11/28/2012 Contents Contents 2 Executive Summary 3 Problem Identification 4 Situation Analysis 5 Recommendations 6 References 7 Executive Summary This report provides a problem identification, analysis and recommendations for Electronic Communications Ltd (ECL) as they establish business endeavors in China. It will be analyzing communication skills, team building and conflict. Analysis ofRead MoreA Report On Excilon Inorganic Ceramic Coating Company1795 Words   |  8 Pagesenvironmentally friendly ceramic coating. The product ECL ceramic coating were all made by inorganic compound, Monox which is from stone and sand. The coating was acquired more than 200 patent in chemical technology. 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Neural stem cell culture and labeling One-week-old C57/BL6 mice were obtained from the animal center of the China Science Academy Academy and this study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committees of Xinhua Hospital. The hippocampus was isolated from embryonic C57/BL6 mouse brain (at E13.5) and dissociated cells were cultured in vitro (7). Cells were platedRead MoreCase Study : Global Financial Services Ltd Essay9975 Words   |  40 Pageson May 16, 2005 for carrying out share financing activities. The company went public on February 14, 2006. Emkay Commotrade Limited (ECL), a 100 per cent subsidiary of EMKAY, was incorporated on January 5, 2006 and carries out commodity broking business. ECL is a member of the two popular commodity exchanges - MCX Commodity Exchange and NCDEX Commodity Exchange. ECL offers trading in many commodities such as bullion (gold, silver), energy (crude oil, natural gas), metals, food grains (rice, maize)Read MoreEssay On Depressive Disorder4270 Words   |  18 Pages current study was designed to evaluate the effects of ANE on spatial working memory, depressive behavior, OL proliferation, and myelin repair in the CPZ-induced demyelination model. METHODS ANE ANE was provided by Xiamen Xianyue Hospital (China). Fresh A. catechu nuts purchased from Xiamen Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital were authenticated by a pharmacist (TANG Feng) in Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, where a voucher specimen (20120910) was deposited. Briefly, A. catechu nuts were crushed

Alcohol Dementia Free Essays

The difference between alcohol dementia and dementia is that alcohol dementia is a form of dementia caused by a long term use of alcohol and excessively drinking to the point where the individual suffers from memory loss due to neurological damage to the brain. With dementia there is the person does not suffer from alcohol abuse. Alcohol dementia can cause very serious brain complications and ten percent of patients diagnosed with alcohol dementia have a history of extended alcohol abuse. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol Dementia or any similar topic only for you Order Now People that suffer from dementia also suffer from memory loss but not due to abuse of alcohol or other drugs. With dementia you have a serious loss of your cognitive ability, this is also like the old age illness known as Alzheimer’s disease. These symptoms result from a brain injury in the past, or a progressive injury or even if you are suffering from a disease in the body. It is found that people that are diagnosed with cancer are soon later diagnosed with dementia as time passes. Long term consequences from both of these illnesses are very severe. Patients suffer from memory loss, attention span decreasing, speaking in incomplete sentences, and also problem solving is altered drastically. Suffering from dementia reduces the ability to learn, reason with others. What might be the worst about this illness is that people can end up forgetting who their family members are. There is also loss of patterns of thoughts, feelings and activities. In the later stages of the condition, affected individuals may be disoriented in time. People suffering from dementia might not know what day of the week it is or what year. This is very severe dementia of course. At the moment, scientists have not found a cure or even a treatment to slow down the process of dementia. It may be something majority of human beings go through and old age must play a factor with the memory loss. How to cite Alcohol Dementia, Papers

International Development Sector

General Overview General description of the sector International development which is also referred to as Global development is defined as a concept that provides states with an opportunity to develop itself positively and thus achieve better quality life for its citizenry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Development Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, this is a concept that defines the process of human development which was developed during the industrialization period in the 19th century, a time during which the world poverty rate was very high resulting in many people living below the world poverty line. Global poverty continues to be a tremendous problem today even as hundreds of billions of dollars from international development assistance trickles in. International Development concept was developed as a means of alleviating poverty with the aim of improving the lifestyle of peop le living in the third world countries. It is a concept that involves provision of foreign aid for healthcare, education, infrastructure, economics, and initiating relevance to gender equality, disaster preparedness and issues dealing with human rights and other related issues. Scope of sector activities According to Scott (156) â€Å"international development projects may consist of a single, renovation projects that are used to address a specific problem or a great number of projects targeted at several facets of the society. Development involves reducing deprivation or broadening choice. Since its implementation, the sector has been used to shape up the society in terms of coming up with new changes in policy and framework for both economic and political sectors. Before, the colonial societies were the ideological bases for development commonly known as foreign policy. By early 20th century, the idea of development resurfaced and that is where the name international development was born. At that time the world was in dire need of peace and reconciliation which was driven by the efforts of the industrialized countries in the West hence, industrial development set its priorities to support those countries that were in need of assistance in their development efforts that is why the international development industry helps through fostering supportive measures to ensure that these countries will come to realize their goals. The main aim of international development is to provide long term solutions to problems concerning development in various countries. Main operating focus This industry’s main goal is to provide the essential facilities needed to provide sustainable and practical solutions concerning developmental problems. International development comes up with developmental projects that are able to be carried on indefinitely without the need of international help either financially or in any other way.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, International development mainly focuses on the one goal that seems to be a problem in the third world countries like those in Africa, this is poverty, their main duty is to ensure that the poverty eradication measures are put in place in the respective countries both at individual and societal level in order to make sure that they are on a path that gives them an opportunity for sustainable growth and development and also provide these countries with an opportunity to participate in the world’s economic and political fields. The projects that the industry is concerned with are based on the determination of the people in third world countries especially countries in Africa to free themselves and their continent from apprehension of under development and segregation by participating in a globalizing world. General economic employment impact Alleviating poverty and ensur ing that a country is attaining a positive mark in guaranteeing that there is sustainable growth in their countries, development must involve economic and social policies in many fronts which they pose as a challenge. For example, over the last decades, the Sub Sahara Africa (SSA) income growth has hardly kept pace with the growth in population. In the 1970s, the sub Sahara region was able to record a moderate increase growth per capita income which remained below 2.5% per annum both in the 1980s and 1990s.This mark on the other hand improved after the millennium but is still below 10%. Even though there are efforts to ensure speedy recovery, it has been proved that most projects are short lived and long term growth developments are below the levels required to meet poverty alleviation targets. Development impacts are also slow in SSA due to immense changes in income distribution for example, the poorest populations experience steep declines in their per capita incomes than the econ omy as a whole. Adjustment policies that include trade and financial liberalization, privatization and retrenchment of public sector have played a very significant role in increasing the middle class who have become a prominent feature of income distribution in many developing countries. The international development industry provides policies that are meant to reduce poverty leading to rapid and sustained growth and job creation opportunities (Obioma 78). It is valuable to take note that the economic growth of a country may not automatically trickle down to the poor and that’s exactly why the international development industry emphasizes on helping the developing countries in coming up with policies that make it easy for the poor to access vital support structures such as human, physical and financial assets’ to improve their earning capacity hence this is why particular attention is paid to public provision of education and health services (Scott 98).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Development Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Structure of the Sector (industry): Who are the major players (stakeholders?) The structure of the international development sector is defined by the specific member organizations policies. Although this is the case, the concerned governments and private sectors are encouraged to partner together to speed up development in Africa. Nevertheless, focus on International development sector as a dependent industry begun just recently. Most of the international development projects are funded by Westernized countries (developed countries) whereby these countries help to contribute in a number of ways for example, churning out a lot of plans and programmes which are used to accomplish development plans that will improve the quality of life of people. The main players in this industry are: International and regional organizations Inte rnational institutes like United Nations (UN), The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are among the organization which provide humanitarian and development assistance to the third world countries. Some of the development projects are also funded by regional banks. Unilateral assistance â€Å"Both the unilateral and multilateral assistance can be channeled to a country through a countries own foreign aid and developmental agencies. Foreign policy may be attained by having a sense of moral obligation† (McMichael, 145). Non- governmental organizations (NGOs) Several nongovernmental organizations are known to steer up developmental projects especially by providing humanitarian needs directly or even through collaborating with the U.N. agencies. Their participation in development process is seen as advantageous as compared to the international organizations participation since they are not limited to any political constraints and for this reason their diversity a nd liberty permits them to work even in very intricate places. NGOs function at all levels, grass-roots, national, regional and international levels. Many carry out high-impact, high-resource projects and work in the fields of health, refugees, environment, human rights, education, and other key aspects of international development. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in calling for a sustainable growth in the global arena. Campaigning groups have also been key drivers of inter-governmental negotiations, ranging from the regulation of waste materials which are hazardous to a global ban on land mines and the elimination of slavery.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Military The military’s main role is to ensure that the environments in which relief agencies are operating on are safe. There are a few instances during which the military may provide aid directly especially during those times when international organizations and the non- governmental organizations find themselves overstretched and are unable to provide adequate aid due to matters concerning security. Obioma 56) notes â€Å"the military may be capable of providing managements efforts and organize the general humanitarian response and also have the capability of dealing with demanding needs both technical and physical like reinstating communication channels and delivery routes.† The military’s aim is also able to maintain internal security and protect citizens and their property in addition to its purpose of defending the country against invasion by any foreign force. Therefore, its major task is to ensure that there is total peace among the people. In addition to their basic military roles, the armed forces also participate in a variety of civic action programs designed to support the country’s development efforts. The International Dimension How global are sector activities Globalization requires states reinforcing capacity. A state that opens up its economy is going to bring in costs and benefits. Focus on compensating losses from globalization and technological change depends on how effective a state is in terms of its economic growth (McMichael, 29). Development strategies such as reforming of public services will give states a better opportunity to benefit from globalization. Since 1980s, a number of developmental programmes were put in place in an effort to establish foundations for structural transformation and integration of African countries into the global world (Obioma 96).For instance in 1980; African leaders adopted the Lagos Plan of Action for Economic Development of Africa. The main aim of adopting the plan was so th at African states could restructure their economies basing it on the principle of self reliance and self- sustaining development. In 1990, United Nations adopted the United Nations Plan of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development (UN-PAAERD) which was adopted with the aim of establishing foundations for structural transformation, increase in productivity and improvement of African economies. International distribution of competition Competition is central in the operation of markets as it fosters innovation, productivity and growth which help in creation of wealth and reduction of poverty rates. It is however a challenge to identify where competition is weak and how to promote more efficient business rivalry that would promote trade and industry expansion and also decrease poverty. International development is a nonprofit sector that is usually associated with national societies that comprises of organizations and associations which lie between states and markets (Escoba r, 85). These are organizations that are not associated with any kinds of business or political realms therefore, this are sectors that operate outside the global economy and they help policy makers in developing countries identify these competitions. â€Å"International markets are dominated by big businesses that have close ties with governments and the more effective competition is, the more chances a government is able to reduce issues of corruption creating more room for development goals to be achieved†(Escobar,63). Related Sector Employment and Careers: Industrial development sector has very limited information as it is an industry for this reason; the employment numbers are difficult to estimate because of lack of proper definition as to which organizations are involved in the international development sector. Most of the African states have an official non-governmental sector but many of them do not focus on international development as many work relatively on issues that are domestic (McMichael 59). Distribution of occupations (entry level, mid-career, top management) To gain access to this particular industry, it needs an individual who has high level of expertise in that particular field. Since most of the positions available are attached to government donor agencies like World Bank, U.N. agencies U.S International Development agencies among others, there are tight restrictions on the qualification for each particular individual. Fields that require technical experts, project managers and researchers are the main broad categories that account for the entry level, mid level or senior level or executive positions for an individual. International development provides a person with various opportunities in various international development positions but only specific blending of certain qualities will entitle one to have an opportunity to work in this industry. Having clear understanding of each type of job and considering relevance of the contr ibutions made by the positions will significantly be a helpful factor in ones career growth in international development (Escobar 143). Key education and resource skills needed to succeed Today there are a number of universities that are providing undergraduate courses in international development. These courses provide the students with an opportunity to have common knowledge in a specific practice area hence therefore, what they learn in these institutions eventually contributes’ towards the progression of sustaining the foundations of the industry. Within the development industry, there are various specializations which emphasizes on different specific core skills since there are several positions available in this industry which includes; business development, research evaluation, project management among other administrative functions all that deal with development organizations. Basic Skills needed include computer applications, knowledge in media, statistics administra tion and management although it will depend on the position (Devex, np). Main certifications, best strategies for entry into the sector Due to the rapid changes that keep occurring in the industry, an individual who is considering working in this sector has to his/her best possess suitable skills and qualification (Devex, np). One way of achieving this is through ensuring that one is critically aware of the latest sectors that are gaining prominence, ensure that one is aware of the funding trends and is in constant check of the activities of the worlds’ leading international and non-governmental organizations. Besides the above strategies an individual is also expected to possess certificates that indicate that he/she is suitable for the position depending on what one has studied in high levels of academic institutions not excluding the period of experience. Works Cited Devex. â€Å"International Development job and consulting opportunities.† Devex. 2011. Web. Escobar , Andrew. Encountering development: the making and unmaking of the third world. Princeton university press: Princeton, 1995.Print McMichael, Philip. Development and social change: a global perspective 3rd ed. California: Pines Forge Press, 2003. Print Obioma, Iheduru. Contending issues in African development: advances, challenges, and the future. Greenwood Vlg: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. Print Scott Straus. Africa’s stalled development: international causes and cures. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003. Print. This essay on International Development Sector was written and submitted by user C1ndy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Kiss Anyone, Just Not the Gunners Daughter

Kiss Anyone, Just Not the Gunners Daughter Kiss Anyone, Just Not the Gunners Daughter Kiss Anyone, Just Not the Gunners Daughter By Kate Evans A kiss is just a pleasant reminder that two heads are better than one. Unknown Kissing is a very ancient and widely spread means of greeting and showing affection. Kissing conjures up sweet images of romantic embraces or familial love. One imagines kissing a loved one, a child, a family member. Yet apparently, according to these often forgotten, helpful phrases, kissing a book, some dust, or even the foot of a small woodland creature can have a much deeper meaning. For example, a kiss-behind-the-garden-gate is a country name for a pansy. If you kiss the place to make it well, you are referring to the old custom of sucking the poison out of a wound. If you are kissing the dust, you are completely overwhelmed or humiliated. While kissing hands seems fairly straight forward, it harkens back to the tradition of kissing the hand of a sovereign or a saints statue. If the statue was placed too high to kiss directly, people would kiss their own hands and wave it in towards the saint. On a less romantic note, kissing the gunners daughter meant being flogged aboard a ship. Soldiers who were to be flogged were tied to the cannons breech. While there is perhaps less flogging going on these days, the phrase can still refer to a stiff punishment. And finally, if you kiss a hares foot then you are late. You have missed your appointment and the hare hopped by, leaving its footprint for you to see. While one should perhaps steer away from getting flogged, these other colloquialisms might just come in handy. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)8 Proofreading Tips And Techniques20 Ways to Cry

Definition and Examples of Hasty Generalizations

Definition and Examples of Hasty Generalizations A hasty generalization is a  fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence. Its also called an  insufficient sample, a converse accident, a faulty generalization, a biased generalization, jumping to a conclusion,  secundum quid, and a  neglect of qualifications. Author Robert B. Parker illustrates the concept via an excerpt from his novel Sixkill: It was a rainy day in Harvard Square, so the foot traffic through the atrium from Mass Ave to Mount Auburn Street was heavier than it might have been if the sun were out. A lot of people were carrying umbrellas, which most of them furled inside. I had always thought that Cambridge, in the vicinity of Harvard, might have had the most umbrellas per capita of any place in the world. People used them when it snowed. In my childhood, in Laramie, Wyoming, we used to think people who carried umbrellas were sissies. It was almost certainly a  hasty generalization, but I had never encountered a hard  argument  against it. (Sixkill. Putnam, 2011) A Too-Small Sample Size By definition, an  argument  based on a hasty generalization always proceeds from the particular to the general. It takes a small sample and tries to extrapolate an idea about that sample and apply it to a larger population, and it doesnt work.  T. Edward Damer explains: It is not uncommon for an arguer to draw a conclusion or generalization based on only a few instances of a phenomenon. In fact, a generalization is often drawn from a single piece of supporting data, an act that might be described as committing  the fallacy of the lonely fact....Some areas of inquiry have quite sophisticated guidelines for determining the sufficiency of a sample, such as in voter preference samples or television viewing samples. In many areas, however, there are no such guidelines to assist us in determining what would be sufficient grounds for the truth of a particular conclusion. (Attacking Faulty Reasoning, 4th ed. Wadsworth, 2001) Generalizations as a whole, hasty or not, are problematic at best, anyway, though a large sample size wont always get you off the hook. The sample that one wants to generalize needs to be representative of the population as a whole, and it should be random. For  example, the polls  prior to the 2016  presidential election missed segments of the population who would come out to vote for Donald Trump and thus underestimated his supporters and their potential impact on the election. Polls knew the race would be close, but by not having a representative sample to generalize the outcome, the polls got it wrong.   Ethical Ramifications Stereotypes come about from trying to make generalizations about people or groups of them. Doing it is at best a minefield and at worst, has ethical considerations. Julia T. Wood explains: A hasty generalization is a broad claim based on too-limited evidence. It is unethical to assert a broad claim when you have only anecdotal or isolated evidence or instances. Consider two examples of hasty generalizations based on inadequate data:- Three congressional representatives have had affairs. Therefore, members of Congress are adulterers.- An environmental group illegally blocked loggers and workers at a nuclear plant. Therefore, environmentalists are radicals who take the law into their own hands.In each case, the conclusion is based on limited evidence. In each case the conclusion is hasty and fallacious. (Communication in Our Lives, 6th ed. Wadsworth, 2012) Critical Thinking Is Key Overall, to avoid making, spreading, or believing hasty generalizations, take a step back, analyze the opinion, and consider the source. If a statement comes from a biased source, then the point of view behind it needs to highlight your understanding of the stated opinion, as it gives it context. Look for evidence, both supporting and opposing a statement, to find the truth, because, as the adage says, there are two sides to every story, and the truth often lies somewhere in the middle.

Labor market discrimination Gender and Racial based Essay

Labor market discrimination Gender and Racial based - Essay Example Discrimination refers to distinction, restriction, differential treatment or exclusion which makes a person or a group in position of disadvantage when compared to others who are in similar circumstances or situations. Discrimination is part and parcel of social life and it is impossible to find any aspect of social life without discrimination. There are several types of discrimination and these include race, religion, age, ethnicity, gender, sex, language and disability (United Nations Economic and Social Council, 2009).. Basically, discrimination manifests itself through prejudices advanced against or in favor of another person, depending on the reasons stated above. The occurrence of prejudice normally refers to rejection of a person because the person belongs to discriminated group. Discrimination is also a matter of attitude among those who either practice it or become a victim to it. Since discrimination is something that is highly dependent on one’s attitude, it ought t o be considered in terms of both the one who is discriminated against and the one who is doing the discrimination. Though different types of discrimination exist all over the world with differences in intensity and magnitude, racial and gender discriminations are more widely and universally present. Racial discrimination refers to the difference shown to individuals on the basis of real and perceived racial difference while gender discrimination is due to difference in the sex. This difference is because of the assigned gender roles, prejudices and social construction. Review of literature on prevalence, causes and effects of gender and racial discrimination in the labor market are discussed in the following sections. ... ial and gender intolerance appears to be every bit of the societies and hence, it is interesting to review the causes and effects of these discriminations on labor market based on the earlier studies. Review of literature on prevalence, causes and effects of gender and racial discrimination in the labor market are discussed in the following sections. Prevalence of Racial and Gender based Discrimination in the Labor Market Large number of studies reveals that there is intensive racial discrimination in the US labor market. This kind of discrimination is essentially occurs through allocation of disadvanges and privileges depending on the color of one’s skin, or in other words, it is called as ‘colorism’(Hersch 2008). Racial discrimination is found across the job market, both in the industries; field as well as in the domestic chores. According to Ingram (2008), racial discrimination also manifests itself in the labor market through house hold chores. He argues that the time spent for attending the household chores should be considered as labor hours. He also presents evidence to the effect that US Blacks as well as non-white couples (heterosexual) tend to be discriminated against by being given extra workload in the house. The study is the evidence of pre-labor market discrimination as the labor for household chores is more discussed in it. As with racial discrimination in the market, there are a quite a number of empirical studies which shows the existence and effects of gender based discrimination in the labor market. Gender based discrimination is predominant in the domestic labor market with women normally working overtime and extra hours (Banton, 1998). Studies have also attempted to identify forms in which discrimination occurs. Along to Banton (1998), gender

In light of the fact that tourism is one of the most important service Essay

In light of the fact that tourism is one of the most important service sectors of global economy, debate the current issues that need to be incorporated into the tourism planning process - Essay Example (WTO(a), 2001). A standout amongst the most urgent parts of universal tourism is the cross-fringe development of purchasers. (WTO(a), 2001). This grants even untalented specialists in remote territories to end up administrations exporters — for example, by offering specialty things, performing in social shows, or working in a tourism lodge. (WTO(a), 2001). Travel & Tourism is one of the heading job inventors in the world. The business utilizes more than 98 million individuals directly, speaking to in excess of 3 percent of all vocation. (Turner & Sears, 2013: 63). At the point when backhanded and impelled effects are incorporated, the business helps around one in every eleven jobs worldwide. (Turner & Sears, 2013: 63). The share of world vocation in Travel & Tourism is more than that for the vehicle assembling and chemicals producing businesses joined together, over every locale of the world. Moreover, the standpoint for the business is moderately positive: job development in Travel & Tourism is conjecture to normal 1.9 percent for every year throughout the one decade from now, contrasted and 1.2 percent yearly development conjecture for aggregate jobs in the worldwide economy. (Turner & Sears, 2013: 63). Throughout the most recent two decades, Travel & Tourism has played a more essential part in the financial advancement of numerous nations. Expanded travel over the globe has been determined by development in genuine earnings; more amazing measures of relaxation time; enhanced and very open transportation frameworks; continuous globalization of business linkages, including supply chains; very viable correspondence frameworks that encourage advertising; and countless tourism administrations. Albeit starting foundation venture is required, as more individuals travel, extra tourism framework is constructed and individuals are utilized to administration the needs of the vacationers. The more guests go to a goal, the more lodgings,

Stakeholders Analysis On Nintendo In 2006 Media Essay

Stakeholders Analysis On Nintendo In 2006 Media Essay Nintendo has implemented a strategy, which encourages people around the world to play video games regardless of their age, gender or cultural background (Nintendo, 2006) and appeal even to people who arent interested in games (Business Week, 2006) and smiles on peoples faces (Nintendo, 2008). Nintendo Co Ltd (Nintendo) and its new president Satoru Iwata believed due the complexity of games there are a lot of potential for gaming by other segments. Originally the games were built merely on action and targeted towards traditional over 18 year old male population (ESA, 2006). Nintendo decided to bring in the non-gamers and create an all-new consumer segment. Simplicity was the game and uses real live situations in the game such as Wii Fit. Nintendo designed and marketed Wii as an entertainment centre for the family. The average age of those purchasing games was 33 in 2005 compared to 38 in 2006 and 2007, 40 (ESA, 2006, 2007 and 2008). The games are devised to involve all age and gender groups including those who would like to spectators. It also seems that this had encouraged not only young people of the family asking parents to buy gaming devises, but the elders as well started to show keen interest in buying Wii. ESA (2007) indicates that 67% of American head of households play a video or computer game. Further it indicates that only 28.2% of the games are below the age of 18 and 62% of the total games are male. Wii created a competitive advantage by luring female and NPD (2009) indicated that 5% point increase in female gamers during 2009 compared to previous year and underscores the successes of Wii and other adult population who has not yet entered the gaming experience. Moreover Nintendo, also look of attracting customers above 50 years old and therefore they must create games that attract these groups. Health conscious people has also bought in gaming as they integrate into their life style and found to be beneficial. It has move from the notion that games create couch potatoes (obesity). Company Following the entrance of Sony and Microsoft into the industry, as new players there were not many success stories but rather fights over who would become the number one game. Nintendos net sales stagnated since 2004 and shot up with the introduction of Wii in November 2006. The vision of the new leadership was very crucial and was tested with launch of Nintendo DS and its other variants with the biggest change happening with Nintendo Wii in November 2006 (Joshi and Tsang, 2009). The company financial results grew tremendously with net income tripling by end of 2008 (914.9 M US$ in March 2006 to 2.393.3 M US$ by March 2008) (Joshi and Tsang, 2009)). Cash dividends of 1,260 Japanese yen in 2008, almost 3 times higher than year 2006 (390 Japanese yen) (Nintendo, 2009 and 2006). Companys stock prices rose to 64,500 Japanese Yen by end of 2008 from 17,880 Japanese Yen in year 2006 (Nintendo, 2009). Since the November launch of Wii until September 2009, company has sold over 53.97 M representing 48% of the total hardware sales by three main competitors (X Box 360, PS3 and Wii). Nintendo doesnt manufacture all of its own parts but depend on others. It usually buys parts from companies such as IBM (processors) and Panasonic (batteries) and so on. Nintendo has to keep good relations with these companies. Nintendo also focus on technology that would achieve more with less. The software designers where at the helm of the hardware development that ensure there are sufficient games and that they suit the development concepts. Competition The irony is that instead of going head to head with Microsoft and Sony Nintendo more or less created its own niche market. Sony and Microsoft have pursued that combination of computing power and graphics of its game, which Nintendo viewed it as a limiting factor to success and targeting the non-gamers. Nintendo to all our surprise used a combination of blue tooth technology, infrared, and motion sensor instead to create a user friendly and easy set up console. Moreover the simplicity reduced the cost and made it easy for its developers to design new games, which gave Nintendo a competitive advantage over its rivals. Nintendo gave a feeling of personalization by allowing users to create characters. The lack of high-end graphics such as HD could have been a competitive threat, but turned out to be an advantage since HD would take year to be established in homes. A threat to Nintendo is the ever increasing online and computer games market. During 2006 51% of the frequent game players were also seen to be gaming online as well (ESA 2006). The Low price of Nintendo has proved to be its biggest competitive advantage. There is a huge threat on the supply and demand of Wii, which could damage the market share of Nintendo through customer frustrations although Nintendo is quite comfortable with the current limited supply of the console. In the latest figures from NPD (NDP, 2010), sales of games are recovering from -20 to 5 in term of % change in dollars sales from Oct 2009 to December 2009. These present significant opportunities for Nintendo. Community From the information available there was no major regulatory restriction on the major markets areas. The market seems free to operate and to take the full advantage to capture a high market share in Europe and the US. The simplicity of the games made it easy for the programmers to design more and more games at very low cost. Nintendo has also open up Nintendo to private engineers and has now over 792 games. In terms of standards and guidelines for the industry The Commission of the European Communities announced to impose a fine of EUR149 million on October 30, 2002 referring that Nintendos past trade practices in Europe until 1998 fell upon limitation of competition within the EU common market which is prohibited by Article 81 in the EU treaty (Nintendo, 2006). The media can at times be a businesss enemy or a friend. Regardless which side it is on at any given time, the publicity the media gives helps position Nintendo and its products into the minds of consumers. Nintendo doesnt make all of its own components for the game. It buys parts from companies such as Panasonic, IBM and ATI. In addition, Nintendo may sell some of its own products online, but the majority of it sells is through other retailers (Walmart, Amazon, airport duty free shops, etc. are responsible for selling Nintendos products like the Wii. The product is a simple console with a simple wand. The wand type thing was the unique feature that was able to recognize the human body motions. It requires physical movement from players, which was good for health conscious parents especially for the kids. It is one of the reasons why this product was excellent for the family. The motion detectors would turn the hand movements into an on screen action simulating a real life experience. The product further evolved and included keeping fit as well whereby there is a combination of action on the screen together with physical exercise. The games were simpler to understand with a shallow learning curve. Price Nintendo was indeed right to understand that we do more with the little technology. Wii did not require heavy graphics and came with only a small 512MB flash drive. This enabled Nintendo to keep its console production cost low. Couple with that was a lower software cost as well. Wii was launched for USD 250 only, well below USD 399 being charged for XBOX 360 and USD 499 for a PS3 (Joshi and Tsang, 2009). Recently it is understood that they have reduce the Wii by USD 50. Nintendo due to lower cost generated profits from both hardware and software. Furthermore Nintendo was able to generate profits of up to USD 49 per console in US, Sony and Microsoft were loosing USD 300 and USD 125 per console at their respective launch prices (Joshi and Tsang, 2009). Place Wii were able to place and display the product at major super markets and shopping malls. However, after a year of its launch Nintendo failed in meeting the demand for the game. Nintendo has realized the uniqueness of the product, the willingness of consumers to wait to buy this product rather than look for alternatives. It seems the experience with Wii is unique that it is a game in a different league. Promotion Wii was designed for all age and gender and its advertisement reflected this philosophy. Nintendo used word of mouth (Joshi and Tsang, 2009) as its advertisement strategy. They made families (father to the child), hard-core gamers and modern moms as their ambassadors. They would play and share experiences with others. A number of kiosks were set up at many shopping malls show casing its features. Moreover their Commercials always showed groups of people, including generations of families, playing and interacting with each other. A classic example was the grandfather who mistook the Wii for the TV remote control and got stuck with the Wii. Nintendo has used all the classic methods of sales promotions, such as discount voucher and holidays give-ways. According to Sliwinski (2006) Nintendo expected to spend over USD 200 m in all of its promotional activity over the next year and is the largest advertising campaign in Nintendos history. About 80 percent of the budget will be spent convincing adults to purchase the system and shaking off Nintendos traditional consumer perception of being for children and teens. 4. If you were the VP of Marketing for Sony, how would you respond to the Wii. In its current state, the gaming industry is an attractive one with a total market opportunity of over $49.9 billion projected for 2001 and $85.7 billion in 2006 Joshi and Tsang, 2009) In the short term as the VP for Marketing is convince the developers to see how reduce the cost of X Box without diminishing its high quality. It might be an excellent to do like Nintendo bridge the gap between hardware and software development. New games should be introduced to attract women players. In the long-term as the VP for Marketing X-box should move in the same direction as Nintendo, the motion sensor technology and compete directly with Nintendo. This would be an additional functionality on the X-Box. We should move on the basis for doing more with X-box for less. The X-box should also be able to integrate with Windows operating system allowing interoperability between the system and become one.

Promoting Indigenous Family Health Essay

It is a known fact that Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander populations don’t live as long as their western counterparts as shown by AMA Health Report Card (2011). ‘Closing the Gap’ (Calma 2008) is a campaign aimed at a national attempt to support and bring equity in health to our Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities. In order to be successful in this we must identify the key issues causing this inequity and through public awareness and government campaigns such as ‘closing the gap’, we become closer to our goal of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders reaching a full and greater life expectancy. Health reform initiatives are used to promote health care within their communities and encourage Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders to be educated about their own health. As a nurse, in order to assist in this process, an understanding of family centred health care and the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander concept of family must be utilized. With these two nursing skills, the local health initiatives and government campaign’s, we are providing the best opportunity and support for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities to take control of their health and ultimately ‘close the gap’. Key issues contributing to the ‘gap’ in health and life expectancy, as identified by AMA (2011), include; low income, limited education, low levels of employment, poor housing, affordability of health care, geographical access to health care and the acceptability of the health care practice to Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities. Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Service (2013) is a local health reform initiative for Aboriginals and Torres straight Islanders that provides a culturally secure environment where they can access health care due to it’s geographical location, affordability and mostly acceptability. Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Service (IAMS 2013) has two centers within the Illawarra making it geographically accessible. The center is entirely aimed towards the better health of Aboriginals and Torres Straight Islanders, ensuring all health care is affordable and providing as much assistance and support where it may be needed to help these communities improve their health. The main key issue identified by AMA (2011) that is addressed within the IAMS (2013), is the acceptability. The two medical centers are entirely based on the care given to the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities, making them specialized and aware of cultural beliefs, customs and the correct communication techniques. The Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Services also employ Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander members of the community as their staff providing a culturally secure environment and a greater concept of family centred care and the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander concept of family within their approach. The AMA (2011) states that Indigenous health workers are significant in facilitating the journey of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders to better health. This also provides opportunities to the Indigenous communities to gain employment, contributing to the resolution for issues of low income and low levels of employment, as identified in the AMA Report Card (2011). Centers such as these provide Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander families a culturally secure, accessible and affordable method to be treated for their health issues in a more comfortable surrounding. On a larger scale the Department of Health and Ageing run by the Australian Government have many programs and health reform initiates in place to assist in ‘closing the gap’ as identified by Calma (2008). Element three of the Indigenous Early Childhood Development National Partnership Annual Report (2011) have a goal of increasing the provision of maternal and child health services of Indigenous children and their mothers. To achieve this, the Child and Maternal Health Services component of their program includes $90. 3million to be used for New Directions Mothers and Babies Services (Department of Health and Ageing 2011). This initiative increases access for Indigenous mothers and their children to; antenatal and postnatal care, education and assistance with breastfeeding, nutrition and parenting, monitoring of immunization status and infections, health checks and referrals for Indigenous children before starting school and monitoring developmental milestones. This initiative provides Indigenous communities with access to health care that promotes better health in the new generation of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Australians, designed to assist with ‘closing the gap’ by raising a new generation with fewer health issues. With this, we are able to address key issues identified by AMA (2011). The main key issue addressed by this initiative is access. Consultations are held with Aboriginal Health Forums to assist in the identification of priority areas for child and maternal health services. In their annual report, the Department of health and Ageing (2011) state that this ensures that access is given those most in need considering, geographic location, affordability and acceptance. The second key issue identified in the AMA Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Health Report Card (2011) addressed by this initiative is education. The funding provided builds a solid base for providing much needed education to mothers about their babies and already existing children. In order for a program such as this to be successful, health professionals allocated to educating Aboriginals and Torres Straight islanders must be equipped and prepared to deal with the problems faced by cultural barriers as well as being experienced in a family centred care approach (Taylor & Guerin 2010). Family centred nursing care is an important factor in the health outcome of any given patient (Bamm & Rosenbaum 2008). They also claim that there is no exact definition of family, instead, the meaning of family and their level of involvement in care provided, is determined by the patient themselves. The core concepts of successful family centred care are; respect and dignity, information sharing, participation, and collaboration (IFPCC 2013). These principles are the main constituents of effective family centred health care, and ultimately better health outcomes for the patient themselves (Mitchell, Chaboyer & Foster 2007). These concepts can be utilized, with a correct nursing approach, regardless of age, gender or cultural differences. To provide the best family centred care to Indigenous Australians, nurses must utilize the main concepts above, but also have an understanding of the Indigenous concept of family. The Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander population have strong family values, however, it differs from the usual nuclear concept of family in common ‘western’ society. Their family has an extended structure, and in order to provide adequate family centred care, this concept must be understood by health professionals on all levels, including nurses (NSW Department of Community Services 2009). This concept of extended family and their Indigenous ‘community’ as their family means that children are not only the concern of their biological parents, but the entire community. Care of the children in indigenous communities is the responsibility of everyone. Family members can be blood-related, through marriage or through their community, such as elders. It is normal for a combination of mothers, fathers, uncles, aunties, cousins, brothers, sisters or elders to be involved into the care of the individual and these figures must be treated as their direct family even if not directly blood-related (NSW Department of Community Servies 2009). In order to provide family centred care, to not only Indigenous but also all patients, a therapeutic relationship and foundation of trust should be developed (Baas 2012). The principles of family centred care should also be incorporated, especially respect of the Indigenous culture and maintaining their dignity. Respect and dignity, combined with trust and a therapeutic relationship within the Indigenous community, information sharing, participation and collaboration should follow once enough trust has been developed. To gain the trust of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander patient’s and their family, firstly an understanding of their culture should be pertained. When needed, to be aware of such customs as ‘Men’s and Women’s business’, and to respect these practices within your care (Tantiprasut and Crawford 2003). This shows the patient and their family members, you respect them and their culture. Introducing yourself in a friendly and polite manner, including all family members present and always respecting cultural values is key to receiving respect back and developing trust. Acknowledge and actively listen to the needs of the Indigenous people and also their community in a culturally appropriate manner. As described in the practice resource for working with Indigenous communities published by DOCS (2009) showing respect for their elders and community leaders and involving them in important decision making processes will also show that you respect them, their culture and that they can trust you and eventually your advice regarding health issues. In order to successfully be accepted by the community, communication techniques need to be specialized to avoid offending any members of the family or misinterpreting their language. Gaining a basic knowledge of their community will assist in understanding the dominant family groups, language groups and preferred names. This ensures you don’t step out of your boundaries and remain respectful in your approach to their care. Including or consulting with Aboriginal health care workers regarding communication and Aboriginal-English would be beneficial to adequately understand their method of communication. Understanding non-verbal methods of communication and being aware of your own non-verbal communication is highly appropriate when consulting with Indigenous communities. Always speaking with respect, clearly, and avoiding jargon will deliver the best results when building a relationship within the tribes (NSW Department of Community Services 2009). Remaining open minded when consulting with Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities in aspects of communication and family relations will avoid incorrect assumptions. It is also high important to play an active role within the community and their events. According to NSW Department of Community Services (2009) within Indigenous communities’ word of mouth is a powerful tool, once an outsider is known as someone who listens actively and can be trusted, the community will be eager to work collaboratively and participate in your health approach (NSW Department of Community Services 2009). When the principles of family centred care; trust, dignity, collaboration and participation, have all been achieved and a therapeutic relationship within the community has developed, the community will listen to your health advice. When introducing a health concept to the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander families it is important to engage them actively into your care (NSW Department of Community Services 2008). Using appropriate communication techniques to explain health issues and the reasons they need to be addressed provides them with education and knowledge regarding why interventions need to be implemented. Allowing them to discuss their options and decide as a community is also important, forcing them to uptake medical help could be seen as disrespectful. Allowing time to answer all questions and concerns from various members of the family in a manner they can understand identifies that you are actively listening and honestly concerned for their health. Demaio and Dysdale 2012 show that continuity of involvement in their community, and providing a continuous support network will only further build their trust in your advice. The ‘gap’ in health and life expectancy between Indigenous Australians and ‘westernised’ Australians is a concerning issue within the country (Calma 2008). Health reform initiatives are funded by the government and local organisations to provide accessible, affordable and culturally safe health care to our Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities. These initiatives are designed to address the key issues identified in the AMA Report Card (2011) regarding barriers to health care. Approaching Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander family communities utilizing the family health care principles and with a knowledge of their concept of community family and understanding of their culture increases positive outcomes in their health education and furthermore assisting to ‘close the gap’. References Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Corporation 2013, ‘Ilawarra Aboriginal Medical Service’, viewed 27 April 2013 www. illawarraams. com. au Australian Medical Association 2011, Best practice in primary health care for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders, viewed 28 April 2013 http://ama. com. au/aboriginal-reportcard2010-11 Baas, L 2012, ‘Patient and family centred care’, Heart and Lung, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 534-535. Bamm, E, Rosenbaum, P 2008, ‘Family centred theory: origins, development, barriers and supports to implementation in rehabilitation medicine’, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 1618-1624. Calma, T, 2008, ‘Closing the Gap: Campaign for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander health inequality by 2030’, Australian Government, Canberra. Demaio, A, Drysdale, M 2012, ‘Appropriate health promotion for Australian Aboriginal and torres straight islander communities: crucial for closing the gap’, Global Health Promotion, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 58-62. Department of Health and Ageing 2011, Indigenous Early Childhood Development National Partnership Annual Report, viewed 28 April 2013 http://www. health. gov. au/internet/main/publishing. nsf/Content/1D00A20690DD46EFCA2579860081EEE4/$File/NewDirectionsMothersandBabiesServices-AnnualReport2010-11. pdf IPFCC 2013, Institute for patient and family centred care, viewed 28 April 2013 www. ipfcc. org. au Mitchell, M, Chaboyer, W, Foster, M 2007, ‘Positive effects of a nursing intervention on family-centred care in adult critical care’, American Journal of Critical Nursing, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 543-552. NSW Deparment of Community Services 2008, Brighter futures: engaging with aboriginal children and families, viewed 28 April 2013 http://www. community. nsw. gov. au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/brighterfutures_enagaging_aboriginal. pdf NSW Department of Community Services 2009, Working with aboriginal communities – a practice resource, viewed 28 April 2013 http://www. community. nsw. gov. au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/working_with_aboriginal. pdf Tantiprasut, L, Crawford, J 2003, ‘Australian Aboriginal Culture’, R. I. C Publications, Sydney. Taylor, K, Guerin, P 2010, Health care and Indigenous Australians: cultural safety in practice, Palgrave Macmillan, South Yarra.

So, You Think You Know What an Architect Does

An architect is a licensed professional who organizes space. The art world may define space differently than the scientific world (where does space begin?), but the architecture profession has always been a combination of art and science. Architects design houses, office buildings, skyscrapers, landscapes, ships, and even entire cities. The services offered by a licensed architect depend on the type of project being developed. Complicated commercial projects are accomplished with a team of architects. Sole proprietor architects—especially architects just starting out on their own—will specialize and experiment with smaller, residential projects. For example, before Shigeru Ban won the coveted Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2014, he spent the 1990s designing houses for wealthy Japanese patrons. Architectural fees are based on the complexity of the project and, for custom homes, may range from 10% to 12% of the total construction costs. Space Design Architects organize different types of spaces. For example, architect Maya Lin is known for sculpted landscapes and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall, but she has also designed houses. Likewise, Japanese architect Sou Fujimoto has designed houses in addition to the 2013 Serpentine Pavilion in London. Large spaces, like cities and entire neighborhoods within cities, are also designed by architects. In the early 20th century, Daniel H. Burnham created several urban plans, including for Chicago. In the early 21st century, architect Daniel Libeskind created what is called the master plan for redeveloping the World Trade Center area. Professional Responsibilities Like most professionals, architects also take on other duties and special projects. Many architects teach at colleges and universities. Architects organize and run their professional organizations, like the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). Architects have also taken the lead in stopping climate change and global warming, moving toward the goal of new buildings, developments, and major renovations being carbon-neutral by the year 2030. Both the AIA and the work of Edward Mazria, founder of Architecture  2030, work toward this goal. What Do Architects Do? Architects design and plan spaces (structures and cities), with consideration for looks (aesthetics), safety and accessibility, functionality for the client, cost, and specifying (the specs) construction materials and processes that do not destroy the environment. They manage the building project (large projects will have both a design architect and a project manager architect), and most importantly they communicate ideas. The architects role is to turn ideas (a mental activity) into reality (the built environment). Examining the sketch history behind a structure often indicates the difficulty in communicating design ideas. A complex building like the Sydney Opera House began with an idea and a sketch. The Statue of Liberty sat in pieces in a local park before Richard Morris Hunts pedestal design was realized. Communicating architectural ideas is an important part of an architects job—Maya Lins Entry Number 1026 for the Vietnam Memorial wall was a mystery to some of the judges; Michael Arads competition entry for the National 9/11 Memorial was able to communicate a vision to the judges. A licensed architect is the only designer who can rightfully be called an architect. As a professional, the architect is ethically bound by codes of conduct and should be trusted to abide by all rules and regulations associated with a building project. Throughout their careers, architects participate in continuing education and professional development, similar to medical doctors and licensed attorneys. And You Call Yourself an Architect? Only licensed architects should call themselves architects. Architecture was not always a licensed profession. Any educated person could take on the role. Todays architects have completed university programs and lengthy internships. Like doctors and lawyers, architects must pass a series of rigorous exams in order be licensed. In North America, the initials RA designate a registered, or licensed, architect. When you hire a designer, know what the letters after your architects name mean. Kinds of Architects Architects are trained and specialize in many areas, from historic preservation to structural engineering and from computer programming to environmental biology. This training can lead to a wide variety of careers. Many opportunities are available to the college graduate with a major in architecture. An information architect is a person who plans the flow of information on Web pages. This use of the word architect is not related to building design or what is known as the built environment, although computer-aided design and 3D printing may be specialties within the field of architecture. Architects often design buildings, but a Building Designer is not usually a licensed architect. Historically, architects are chief carpenters. The word architect comes from the Greek word architekton meaning chief (archi-) carpenter or builder (tekton). We often use the word architect to describe the artists and engineers who designed historic buildings or iconic towers and domes. However, it was only in the twentieth century that architects were required to pass tests and be licensed. Today, the word architect refers to a licensed professional. Landscape architects often work closely with a buildings architects. Landscape architects analyze, plan, design, manage, and nurture the built and natural environments, according to their professional organization, The American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA). Landscape architects have a different educational tract and licensing requirements than other registered architects of the built environment. Other Definitions of Architect Architects are licensed professionals trained in the art and science of the design and construction of buildings and structures that primarily provide shelter. Additionally, architects may be involved with designing the total built environment—from how a building integrates with its surrounding landscape to architectural or construction details that involve the interior of the building to designing and creating furniture to be used in a specific space.—National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB) The most basic definition of an architect is a professional who is qualified to design and provide advice—both aesthetic and technical—on built objects in our public and private landscapes. But this definition barely scratches the surface of an architects role. Architects serve as trusted advisors, their role is holistic, blending diverse requirements and disciplines in a creative process, while serving the public interest and addressing health and safety matters.—Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC) Sources: Commercial Architectural Fees at architecturalfees.com; Becoming an Architect, National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB); What is an Architect, Architecture Architects, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC); About Landscape Architecture, The American Society of Landscape Architects [accessed September 26, 2016]

Disney Analysis - 2267 Words

Case Analysis of The Walt Disney Company: The Magic of Disney Fall 2003 Sean Housley Haas School of Business University of California, Berkeley MBA Candidate, Spring 2004 housley@mba.berkeley.edu Abstract Disney has led the entertainment industry for much of its storied 80-year history. What exactly is the ‘Magic of Disney’? And how has Disney sustained the magic for so long? This paper analyzes Disney’s historical competitive advantage, drawing emphasis on the remarkable synergies Disney created across its various businesses. This paper then addresses the contributions of CEO Michael Eisner, credited with restoring Disney to greatness in the mideighties. Finally, this paper evaluates Disney’s growth strategy over the last decade.†¦show more content†¦He also correctly predicted that television would be an important medium, and introduced the highly popular â€Å"Mickey Mouse Club† in 1955. Finally, Disney correctly bet big on entering theme parks with Disneyland in 1955. Imperfect Mobility and Co-specialization Disney’s strong legal protection makes it nearly impossible for competitors to copy or imitate Disney’s chara cters. In addition, the parts comprising the Disney whole would be of less valuable to a poacher than they are to Disney. This is because, for Disney, the sum of the parts is greater than the whole. In a word, synergy. Even if a competitor succeeded in hiring away key talent, for example, the competitor would still lack the tradition, culture, and complementary assets that make up Disney. Synergy Disney has mastered the art of the cross-sell. It has done so by leveraging its characters and carefully controlling its image, driving toward a unified, highly valued customer experience. An example best illustrates this. Consider a typical multi-day family trip to Disney World. A family books lodging months in advance at a hotel inside the park. It does so because it knows that the hotel has the best location, is highly demanded, and will provide good hospitality. Being lodged inside the park, the family eats at Disney-owned restaurants and perhaps buys Disney merchandise. All the while t he family willingShow MoreRelatedDisney Analysis1383 Words   |  6 PagesTheme parks will not grow if they don t diversify their resources. The Walt Disney Corporation is a nation wide multi-varied entertainment company which is a household name to millions of people throughout North America. Michael Eisner who is Disney s chairman and chief executive officer knows that his company will have to diversify in order to meet his targeted growth rate of 20%. 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